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Use it OR Lose It! Part 1

  • August 8, 2024
  • Dean Phelps

If I have a BREAK from Training, HOW long until I start losing my Fitness?

Whether we are busy with work, going away for a relaxing holiday, or we sustain an injury; we all have breaks in our training from time to time. Sometimes we choose to, sometimes it is forced upon us.

Have you ever thought to yourself ….. at what point do I start to go backwards from all that work i have been putting in?

When will the detraining effect kick in?? 

From personal experience, too much booze and food on a 10 day holiday with minimal exercise will make me feel physically useless!!! 

Sometimes work will get busy and I miss a session or two. 

Or an injury will see me side lined for a few weeks.

But…

Is there a way you can retain as much fitness; and still enjoy that holiday, get the work done, or over come an injury without setting yourself back weeks or months?

If i need a long time off, is it possible to make my transition back to training as easily?

So many great questions, and so much to answer. So over  this 2 Part blog series I will outline and educate you on;

  • What is detraining?
  • How does detaining affect the body?
  • How long until detraining occurs?
  • What can I do to reduce the effects of detraining?
  • What is the best way to transition back into my training?

PART 1: we need to understand what we are dealing with before we solve it!

What is detraining?

Detraining is the partial or complete reversal of exercise-induced adaptions through the cessation of a training stimulus.

Put simply, a loss of capacity and lowered physical performance following a period of prolonged rest, reduced or no physical activity.

How does detraining affect the body?

Before we crunch the numbers and give advice, it should be known that detraining will affect everyone differently. Factors such as age, gender, genetics, and previous level of training will all play a role in the detraining affect. 

As with all aspects of health each individual is different and will be affected as such, however, this does not mean we cannot give you some great advice that you can use as a starting point for managing any potential detraining affects.

Detraining can affect a number of physical factors that relate directly to your health, fitness, and well-being.

The key areas are;

Cardiorespiratory effects of detraining

The key measure of an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness is the maximal oxygen uptake, often referred to as VO2 Max.

This is a measure of how well your body can take on and use oxygen for the purpose of physical output. A higher VO2 Max means your body is better at consuming oxygen for physical activity. The literature that guides this advice is predominantly based around male trained athletic populations and describes varying results based on the time-frame and type of rest. 

Most of the data suggests that rest periods as short as 14 days can have a significant change in VO2 Max.

To provide an estimate a young ‘athletic’ male can have between a 6-12% decline over a 2-3 week period and can continue to reduce by up to 20% over a 5 week period. 

Due to their training level it could be suggested that the general ‘less-trained’ population could have an even bigger loss. Crazy to think how quick it can drop!

For more info on VO2max check out there blogs

https://fightingfitphysiotherapy.com.au/metabolic-testing/the-importance-metabolic-testing-for-athletes-at-all-levels

Metabolic effects of detraining:

Another area that can be affected by detraining is its effect on our metabolic or energy production and utilisation.

Glycogen is your muscles fueling system for exercise and physical activity. If the body is able to efficiently store glycogen in the muscles, you have a ready to go source of energy when you exert yourself. Muscle glycogen stores have been seen to rapidly decrease in individuals following reduced or no training periods. This can take affect quickly if you are not careful, with up to 20% decline in the first week of sedentary behavior and a subsequent 8-10% decline every week following. 

When this occurs, the depleted stores quickly go leaving us feel fatigue and reduced performance or failure much quicker then we would usually experience. 

Another issue is that we begin to store more fat within and around muscle as a result of detraining and deconditioning.

Effects on Muscle Mass as a result of detraining:

One of the most important characteristics of skeletal muscle is its dynamic nature, it has an amazing ability adapt to all types of stimulus. Unfortunately, this unique ability is also a double-edged sword! 

As quickly as we adapt for the better, we will adapt for the worse much quicker. 

This is why its colloquially known that building fitness is a slow and hard process, however, you can seem to lose it easily and quickly. 

The main changes to occur at the muscle are;

  • Decrease in capillary density (reduced blood flow in/out of the muscle fibres)

of 1-6% in as little as 15 days. Reducing efficiency and decreasing the  time to onset of fatigue and reducing physical performance.

  • Decrease in mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area (size) of 6-37% in 14-21 days. Reducing strength through reduced force production and power!
  • Muscle Mass (total muscle size can have a 1-5% decrease in 21 days, reducing our metabolism or slowing it’s efficiency at rest and during exercise when we make a return.

The detraining effect on muscle strength:

Strength has been found to act differently to the other factors. The research has found that strength can remain unharmed over longer periods of rest. 

Put simply, your 1 rep max on a bench press may only change by 1.5% after a training break of 2-3 weeks. 

But wait….. its not all sunshine and rainbows. 

Your ability to apply this strength to functional tasks is impaired by all the above issues!

So if you are an individual that is training weights to improve strength for their given sport, work, or recreational activities a break will still cause reduced ability to apply your strength over time, quicken the onset of fatigue and thus decrease your performance.

Well know  you know the effects…

In an ideal or perfect world we would just continue to train and have no breaks, but that is not realistic. 

Lucky for you Part 2 of this blog will explore what you can do to reduce the effect of detraining when having, needing or forcing a break.

I will give you some hot tips on how you can make the return to training easier than ever before and stay on top of your game.

Dean Phelps

Dean is a registered Gold Coast Physiotherapist with undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Human Movement and Exercise Science. His background has developed his vision for Fighting Fit Physiotherapy to focus on optimal health and peak physical performance for every single patient. Utilising his many qualifications, in depth knowledge of the body and passion for exercise he can provide a holistic approach to your treatment and exercise prescription to get the best outcome.

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At Fighting Fit Physiotherapy, we recognise the impacts that pain and dysfunction can have on one’s personal and professional life. We are committed as primary healthcare professionals to help our clients resume their lifelong pursuit of health and well-being.

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